【 第1頁 第2頁 第3頁 第4頁 第5頁 】

中評智庫：從阿富汗撤軍看拜登施政風格

http://www.CRNTT.com   2021-10-23 00:06:35

注釋： 　　①Robert J. Lieber： "Biden Foreign Policy: Sobered by Reality or Condemned to Repetition"，in Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs, Published online: 01 Jul 2021 　　②同時，若依照過往數據，則美國公眾對於外交政策上的成敗一般記憶時長並不太久，這一點也許會潛在地對拜登有利，參閱https://www.cnn.com/2021/08/21/politics/biden-afghanistan-polling-analysis/index.html 　　③參閱William G. Howell: Power without Persuasion: The Politics of Direct Presidential Action (Princeton University Press, 2015 ); Jeremy D. Bailey: The Idea of Presidential Representation: An Intellectual and Political History (University Press of Kansas, 2019); John A. Dearborn: Power Shifts: Congress and Presidential Representation (University of Chicago Press, 2021) 　　④參閱https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/17/us/politics/afghanistan-biden-administration.html 和 https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/national-security/cia-warned-rapid-afghanistan-collapse-so-why-did-u-s-n1277026 　　⑤參閱https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2021/07/joe-biden-andrew-saul-trump-unitary-executive.html ; 亦可參閱 https://washingtonmonthly.com/2021/07/23/the-necessary-perils-of-bidens-unitary-presidency/ 與 https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-meaning-of-bidens-firing-spree-11626129832 　　⑥參閱https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2020 /12/10/nathan-simington-christopher-waller-fcc-federal-reserve-appointments-unitary-executive-authority-444136 　　⑦參閱https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2021/05 /29/executive-privilege-immunity-biden-trump/ 　　⑧參閱https://www.aei.org/society-and-culture/bidens-imperial-presidency-moment/ ；以及 https://www.aei.org/foreign-and-defense-policy/presidential-unity-and-the-afghanistan-disaster/ 　　⑨關於此書的詳情介紹，可參閱李海默：《“深層政府”與一元型總統制：美國當代政治中的兩個幽靈？》，刊於上海澎湃新聞，2021-05-24。 　　⑩當然，這樣的建議是否真的可行，其實也要打一個很大的問號，不僅美國國會早已是政治極化現象表現最為突出的所在，而且現在民主黨在國會兩院實際都是微弱多數，更遑論最近美國新一輪人口統計出爐，在國會裡因人口增長而增加席次的是紅州，掉了席次的反而是藍州。 　　⑪關於特朗普這方面的表現，可參閱李海默：《特朗普說美國總統想幹嘛就幹嘛，假如漢密爾頓復生會怎麼看？》，刊於 澎湃新聞，2020-07-08；與李海默：《學理上，美國會是否能夠限制約束特朗普關稅權力？》，刊於 觀察者網，2018-07-30。 　　⑫參閱https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/politics-news/trump-railed-against-deep-state-he-also-built-his-own-n1258385 　　⑬參閱https://www.salon.com/2021/02/15/trump-waged-war- on-the-deep-statecan-bidens-good-government-approach-work-now/ 　　⑭參閱https://news.yale.edu/2021/03/29/after-trump-reining-imperial-presidency

【 第1頁 第2頁 第3頁 第4頁 第5頁 】